Inter-philosophical Critique of Realpolitik from School of Machiavellianism and School of Legalism: Comparative and Dialectical Analysis of Role of Realpolitik Orientation on International Issues

Machiavellianism and Legalism exerted influences over bureaucratic administration, balance of power competition, among state empires Realpolitik-oriented competition that may remain observable in today’s world geopolitical security dilemma structural asymmetry, notwithstanding little advancement as they design absolute terms due to domestic mechanism confinement a more modernising, inclusive, non-Realpolitik international norm upon political behaviours actors or supreme decision makers. Both these philosophical schools attach significance not benevolence, righteousness, morality the realm governance both affairs foreign affairs, but rather supremacy rulers, bestows punishments combined according degree consistency between officials results their performance, even tricky usage tactical deception if needed response complicated Realpolitik arena partly because presuppose human nature is benign evil, selfish transactional mostly for sake narrow self-interests, especially Realpolitik-based environment observe identify only ends justify means. This analytical essay methodologically seeks utilise certain representative case studies Ukraine-Russia US-China unpredictable where remains its methodology insufficient, purpose dialectically evaluating potential theoretical merits demerits Legalism. Briefly, two facilitate actors, makers research analysts undertake maximum non-emotive, rational observation an authentic physical sense it literally is, probably omit normative progressive notion reshaping on basis minimum zero-sum-game mentality vicious confrontation possibility interstate cooperation beyond framework.